国際法理論としての政治的現実主義の視座 -国際関係論･国際法の架橋という図式を超えて-

The primary purpose of this paper is to re-define political realism as a theory of international law and to examine its theoretical significance and limitation. Theorists of political realism such as E.H. Carr and H. Morgenthau are considered as the founders of international relations theories. However, in fact, they developed their arguments in relation to critiques against legal positivism. This intellectual context has long been neglected from traditional debates on realism. Even though political realism is being re-evaluated by critical theories, the foundation of political realism as a theory of anti-legal positivism remains to be untouched. It goes without saying that one of the main arguments of political realism lies in their strong criticism against liberalism. Nevertheless, to simplify political realism as a critique against universalism would overlook why they remained discussing international legal order. In other words, political realism shows their great interests on the limitation of international law. Based on this awareness, this paper seeks to develop an insight to go beyond the dichotomic relationship between international law and international relation. It will be argued that political realism has a potential to integrate norms and power, which were traditionally believed as two opposing elements in international order. Meanwhile, this paper will also point out that the insights of political realism are restricted to modern legal system. The methodology of political realism is applicable only to the relationship between modern law and politics, where law is understood the power of coercion. Thus, this paper considers that political realism is unable to provide an alternative international order that would go beyond the system of states.