항공업에서 고객의 등급상향을 고려한 최적 PARM 모형의 모색

This paper shows the optimal model for the airline discount seats allocation problem of the two-classed case, and examines the efficient approach of the three or more-classed case with an extension of Belobaba's EMSR model. For airlines selling the same seats on a scheduled flight at different fares, the demand for a fare class is affected not only by the current availability of lower fares but also by the possibility of future availability of them. To describe this type of passenger behavior, this paper studies a two-class seats allocation model, which has some distinctive features. The model assumes first that the reservations of the discount class should be booked earlier than those of the full-fare class done, and the discount class cannot be reopened once closed and, second, that a fraction of the customers are flexible, i.e., while willing to pay the discount fare, they would buy the full-fare tickets instead of giving up the concerned flight because the discount seats are not available. These assumptions are consistent with existing models that are widely accepted by the industry, and such customers' behavior is reflected on the probability of upgrade in this paper. The optimality of the two-classed model is shown by the monotonities of the probability of upgrade and of the full-fare demand with respect to the size of the discount seats. The three or more-classed model, based on the two-classed model and Belobaba's EMSR, would not ensure the optimality of the seats allocation, but is relatively easy to apply to the practical situations. This model would be expected to extend to PARM's other research areas - no-shows, overbooking, and group reservations.