19세기 인구감소와 조세제도의 변화에 따른 생활수준의 하락 -경상도 북부지방을 중심으로-

This paper analyzes the reason of Poulation Decline at An-Dong and Sang-Ju in 18․19C. the reason is divided into population pressure and political Authority. The population pressure had been increased gradually since 1750. Both district were pressed by population pressure in the bottom. For small cultivate area, already an-dong was impossible to product the surplus production which was saving in the end of 18C. But Sang-Ju, the big commercial and agricultural city, could afford to save surplus production. That period was turn point to grow up or not. If political and economic policy could induce people to work hard, Sang-Ju had developed economic growth. But heavy taxation was imposed in political authority period. Instead of the legal tax rate was about 10% of total production, real tax rate was over 30%. It was caused by political and taxation corruption. So social exchange cost increased and the social surplus production decreased in Sang-Ju.