권위주의 국가와 사회복지정책: 한국의 관료적 권위주의를 중심으로이신용

The leading states which introduced social security system in the late nineteenth century earlier than any other states in the world were not the industrialized and democratic states, but the authoritarian states like the German Empire which was less industrialized than England and Belgium. For the German Empire, the major purpose of introducing social security system was not to improve welfare of the citizen, but to justify and to secure undemocratic regime. Because of this, social security system could be introduced earlier in the authoritarian states than in the democratic states, and therefore social policy in the authoritarian states was characterized by “top down”. “Top down” means that the introduction of social security system was not led by labor unions or interest groups, but by those who governed the state. Similar tendencies can be found also in the social security system which was introduced in the bureaucratic-authoritarian state like South Korea, although different tendencies can be found between the German Empire and South Korea. Another general character of the social security system in these authoritarian states is that the quality of the benefits of social security system is low and so can not guarantee the social security of citizen. We can find the reason for this phenomenon largely in the undemocratic character of the above-mentioned authoritarian regimes.