동적 시뮬레이션을 이용한 글로벌 공급체인에서의 제품차별화 지연생산

The diversity of customer’s needs and extension of globalization have given rise to the complexity of supply chain network and the increase of production cost. To solve such problems, delayed product differentiation began to stand out as a main topic of supply chain management (SCM). This is the research topic that gives a lot of suggestion in production and inventory control management by system redesign of SCM. Therefore, this paper observes various existing researches connected with delayed product differentiation production, and will design the mathematical model about extended supply chain under global competition. The research of Lee and Tang (1997) offers the basic framework that compare trade-off relationship between cost factors connected with delayed product differentiation and give optimal differentiation stage among many manufacturing steps. But, the research has been overlooking various possible conditions that can appear in global supply chain. For example, a multinational and global manufacturer exports or imports the various products by CBU (completely built-up), CKD (completely knocked-down) and SKD (semi knocked-down). CKD/SKD refers to types of manufacturing in which products are sold in kit form, for later reassembly. CKD/SKD was pioneered in the automotive and electronics industry, and is usually done internationally, to exploit low labor rates and save on import/export tariffs. In general, the development stages and current state of automotive/electronics industries in developing countries show the following path. The first stage is the limited importing/exporting of completely built-up (CBU) products aimed at serving the local market. At the second stage, the industry shifts to SKD form. The third stage is CKD importing/exporting. After assembly-related technology has been accumulated through this process, the industry can finally advance to the fourth stage, at which domestic souring of part can begin in earnest. In cases of complete and integrated manufacturing, a firm wants to locate production as well as supply in the country in which it is investing. Therefore, shipping point is not fixed in the whole manufacturing process such as “Purchasing → Fabricating → Integrating → (Export) Shipping → Distribution” in processing trade, and it is an important strategic decision-making that the order can be inverted before or after processing. Based on the existing theory of delayed product differentiation and processing trade, this research seeks to introduce an expanded mathematical model for the optimal delayed differentiation and export shipping point on the global supply chain management. The model suggests the addition of several key variables such as the export shipping points, tax and production difference index in traditional processing trade to the existent delayed product differentiation model. According to simulation result, cost difference of delayed differentiation appeared more than 3 times depending on the change of variation coefficient in developing country, but in case of developed country, smaller cost difference is shown. This means that cost reduction effects of delayed differentiation of developing country is greater than developed country. The results of the system dynamics simulation confirm that the consideration of the additional decision making variables such as shipping point and tax and production cost index between the countries enhances current research on delayed product differentiation under production localization strategy. In addition, the simulation results show that global optimum is achievable on global supply chain when shipping point in processing trade and delayed product differentiation are considered simultaneously, which would provide practical implications for the field managers.