대학의 유형별 기원에 관한 고찰:법학교육 전개 과정에 관한 고찰도 아울러서

Modern universities are originated in the Middle Ages. The medieval universities had formed independent organizations and been self-governed. They became a big social power during the Middle Ages. The medieval universities were different from other age’s higher education systems on that point. The Popes and the Holy Roman Emperors had tried to get on universities good side by giving privileges. The reason was that the universities were the places where theoretical rationalization or authorization of medieval society could be yielded. The typical two of medieval universities are the University of Bologna and the University of Paris. The University of Bologna was pro students, but the University of Paris was pro professors. The difference was no wonder, when thinking the educational purpose of the University of Bologna was secular, and the University of Paris was clerical. People used to hire a teacher with secular purpose for a long time. Like that, the students in the University of Bologna would have thought that they had power to hire and control the professors. Compare to these, the students in the University of Paris were in the clerical structure. So, they would have thought that they should have to obey the professors. In addition, the University of Bologna had concentrated on the Roman Law education, and the University of Paris on the theology and the canon law education. The universities had undoubtedly offered the liberal arts education. The liberal arts education, however, had more its meaning as a requirement to who want to fly on the school of law or the school of theology. It shows that the legal education was quite popular during the Middle Ages, and the universities were not so purely academic places.