미연방헌법의 수직(연방주의)과 수평(권력분립)의 원칙

The Vertical (Federalism) and Horizontal (Separation of Powers) Principles of the United States ConstitutionLee, Keum-Ok Being the results of the extension of experiences of the United States, the federalism features the core of vertical separation of powers through division and check of the governmental power between the federal government, and the state governments and of inability of change of the power only with either ends. It is interpreted as a principle of the governmental organization for decentralization of the governmental power between the federal government and the state governments and achievement of the control of the power between the both parties. Recently, the strict organizational and the functional division has incrementally been transformed to the cooperative federalism (neo federalism). The separation of powers in America employs decentralization and check of powers between the institutions of the country to restrict the use and prevention of abuse of the powers to guarantee the fundamental rights, the utmost goal of constitutionalism, through 'vertical' division and check between the federal government and the state government as well as those of 'horizontal' between the legislature, the executive and judicial power. Sometimes the Constitution's vertical (federalism) and horizontal (separation of Powers) architectural principles intersect.