대한민국 제헌헌법 경제조항 상의 國ㆍ公有化 실황

The Law for the Disposition of Vested Property caused conflicts between the administration and the National Assembly in the process of legislation. The intention of the administration to have a monopoly on the property custody and dispose vested properties to new proprietary classes to the exclusion of landowners and labor was mostly carried out. The Law was established to dispose vested properties, but it had provisions for state and public properties and enterprises in the economic articles of the ROK Constitution. In 1951, 52 state enterprises were designated according to the Law. 48 state enterprises except for the Bank of Korea and government instrumentalities were worth 23.3 billion whan(圜) by the price in 1956. This value amounted to 12% of the total value of the vested enterprises to which the U.S. Military Government in Korea dispatched custodians. In the year 1954 when the arguments over the amendment of economic articles of the ROK Constitution were developed, there were the Bank of Korea, the Korea Development Bank, and four public corporations including Korea Coal corporation. Unlike the other three public corporations, the Korea Coal corporation was a new public corporation that had been founded to control national coal mines. The amount of government investment to Korea Coal corporation was half of the total government investments to national corporations, as of 1958. This was one reason why U.S. doubted the intention of Korea government to amend the economic articles of the ROK Constitution. The government policy for disposal of state enterprises was not determined by the second half of 1952. But after Korea War was terminated, U.S. carried it's point that aid should be given on condition that Korea government stabilize national finance. Finally Korea government converted 52 state enterprises into normal vested enterprises in May 1954. The government tried to expedite the disposition of vested properties, to meet the demand of U.S for balanced finance and to cope with criticisms for delayed disposition of vested properties from the National Assembly and the press. U.S. played an important role in abolishing the designation of state enterprises. Aid funds was a powerful means for U.S. to dissolve state enterprises and remove the economic control. But the disposition of state enterprises was not smooth. Besides mines, only six have been disposed among 52 state enterprises until July 1956. By 1956 when the third presidential election took place, one third of total value of vested enterprises and real estate was not disposed, and under the government control. And these were mostly large companies. Therefore it seems that until this time the ruling group in economy was not built completely and the social economic structure could be reorganized by the medium of state capital according to the change of political power.