화물인도지시서의 법적 지위 - ship’s delivery order를 중심으로 -

A delivery order is a document from a consignee, a shipper, or an owner of freight which orders the release of the transportation of cargo to another party. Usually the written order permits the direct delivery of goods to a carrier, warehouseman or other person who in the course of their ordinary business issues warehouse receipts or bills of lading. According to the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1992, a ship’s delivery order refers to any document which is neither a bill of lading nor a sea waybill but contains an undertaking which is given under or for the purposes of a contract for the carriage by sea of the goods to which the document relates, or of goods which include those goods. The ship’s delivery order was not regarded as a document of title at common law with the result that the transfer of the delivery order did not effect transfer of constructive possession of the goods. However under this law, title to sue is now vested in the lawful holder of a bill of lading, the consignee identified in a sea waybill or the person entitled to delivery order under a ship’s delivery order, irrespective of whether or not they are owners of the goods covered by the document. This study is focused on the legal status of the ship’s delivery order of the contract of carriage of goods by sea, so to speak, privity by attornment to delivery order and conflict between the holder in due course of bills of lading and the warehouseman.