사회 변화과정에서 디자인 변수로 작용하였던 맥락(Context)적 요인들에 대한 고찰 -1950년 이후 디자인사를 중심으로-

The diversity context variables with the spirit of the times effect on the formation progress of new types design creation and industrial design realization. Especially, the matters such as context of culture, technology, international politics, and economics are reflected in design and take role of deciding new types of design. It would be not easy to predict of participating contexts in design which effects on design as important variable with unexpected showing up. This article is designed to explore the primary factors of context as design variables and to analyze the effecting methods of this context on social alteration progress. This research will provide information for the development of new designs and the theoretical backgrounds necessary for the understanding of the new design trends. Main scopes of this article are formed with concept of variable contexts as primary factors of design, qualification of the peculiar character of context as design variables, and analyses of social demanding and tendency focused on after 1950s. The contents and conclusion of this research are as follows. American life style and Italian sentiments deeply effect on design in 1950s, and political context such as USA intervening in Vietnam War appeared on design as one of primary factors in 1960s. These kind of phenomenons offered the changing opportunity from uniformed-culture by functionalism to individual-culture. Oil shock and environmental concerns appeared on design contexts, and as a result of those things gave impact on Italian design in 1970s. Post-modernism and digital powerfully appeared on design context in 1980s and 1990s. As result of all those appearing variable contexts phenomenons make to change the direction of design. 2007, at this point in time, high price of crude oil and serious restrictions about global environment appear on context as one of new primary factors. After all, powerful context at this time would effect on design like when the contexts influenced on design in the past. Therefore, we should admit present situations as one of the primary factors of context, and we should recognize it is time to prepare design alteration following to the phases of the time.