산업별 조세회피요인에 관한 연구

The objective of this study is to examine whether there are differences in the tax avoidance tendencies of Korean listed companies and the factors pertaining to companies’ characteristics (which are related to tax avoidance tendency) vary among businesses in difference sectors. Tax avoidance tendency was measured using the difference between accounting income and taxable income. The difference between accounting incomeand taxable income can be derived not only from a difference in the goals of taxation policy, but also from an increase in accounting income achieved by profit control and a decrease in taxable income due to tax avoidance. Therefore, when considering the difference between accounting income and taxable income, there is a component of that difference that is not explained by the total amount of income. This amount includes controlled profit, which was used to measure tax avoidance tendency in this study. This study included samples from companies listed on the Korean stock market analyzed over a six year period (2000-2005). We aimed to enhance the credibility and generalizability of the study results by considering a large volume of data. The result of this study indicated that tax avoidance tendency varied among different sectors. This variation was analyzed by considering four different sectors, namely, the manufacturing, construction, distribution and service sectors. It was found that he tendency for tax avoidancewas most evident in the distribution sector, followed by the service, manufacturing and construction. In the distribution sector are likely to conduct business without keeping records or data. Therefore, the tendency to avoid taxes is greatest in the distribution sector. The service sector incurs significant expenses with respect to personnel, and the tendency of businesses in this sector to avoidtaxes is made possible by virtue of their control of those expenses. A low level of tax avoidance was observed in the construction sector, a result which was contrary to initial expectation. Therefore, the construction sector presented a very limited result in verifying variables related to tax avoidance tendencies. With respect to tax avoidance tendency in different sectors, the manufacturing sector was found to have positively significant relationship to level of tax burden (MTR), profitability (ROE), level of financial cost burden (BR) and whether the business is an owner-controlled company (OC). The manufacturing sector was found to have a negatively significant relationship with the level of tax benefit (TSE), and no statistically significant relationship was found with respect to weight of property investment (PPE) and the involvement of a conglomerate company (CB). With respect to the construction industry, there was no significant relationship between the level of tax burden (MTR) and profitability (ROE). In the construction sector, a significant relationship was found only for the level of tax benefit (TSE) and the level of financial cost burden (BR). Therefore, it was found that the construction sector, there are considerably fewer factors capable of explaining tax avoidance compared to other sectors. For the distribution and service sectors are likely to have significant relationships with variables such as MTR, TSE and ROE were found in comparison with other industries. This is understood as being the result of the increased tendency of businesses in the distribution sector to engage in tax avoidanceas compared with other industries.