국내외 금융업 손익계산서 구조의 이론적 고찰- 한국채택 국제회계기준 하에서의 구조 개선방안을 중심으로 -

The objective of the income statement is to provide information about the current financial performance and the future cash flow of an entity that is useful to various users in making economic decisions. In order to meet this objective, the structure of the income statement should be carefully designed by the conceptual framework of financial accounting and related theoretical and empirical results from the academic researches. However, the structure of the income statement, especially for the Korean financial industry, has not been the matter of concerns for neither the accounting standards setters nor the academics. Thus, we analyzed the income statements of the world's top 25 banks as well as the income statements of Korean banks and of securities firms based on the theoretical concepts of the structure of the income statement, which including the nature, the persistency and the importance of earnings components. Also, we empirically tested the persistency of earnings components of Korean banks and securities firms. Based on the theoretical analysis and the empirical results we proposed the best practice model of the income statement under K-IFRS. First, we propose the net income classifications of operating vs. non-operating income for the banks. Second, the operating income shall be classified in accordance with persistency and their sources. The world's top banks generally decompose their operating income into interest income, fees and commission income and the income related with financial instruments, presenting them in order. This practical evidence is consistent with the empirical evidence provided in our study examining the persistency of earnings components for Korean banks samples. For the investment banks, the persistences of fees and commission income and of the income related with financial instruments are greater than that of interest income. Finally, it is desired that the gross revenue and expenses for the interest and fees are presented in the face of the income statement, considering their nature and the importance of amount. Their net amount also can be presented in the face of the income statement, to enhance the conveniency and understanding for the users. However, as for the income related with financial instruments, we believe that the net amount will provide better information about the outcome of the investment on the portfolio. Also, we propose the simplification of the classification of income related with financial instruments based on their investment purpose and the accounting measurement method.