외국인직접투자(FDI)가 국가경쟁력에 미치는 효과측정 및 유형에 관한 연구

This paper utilizes the concept of national competitiveness to provide a comprehensive assessment of the effects of foreign direct investment on the host country’s economy. By considering the four determinants of national competitiveness set forth in Porter (1990)’s diamond model, and examining them in connection with foreign direct investment, this paper identifies eight variables: production factors (capital and labor), market demand (consumption and export), linkage effects (technology transfer and clusters) and management conditions (firm structure and competition). This paper then goes on to present a new model that can measure such variables for foreign direct investment. Furthermore, foreign direct investment projects may be classified into eight categories based on their negative or positive effects on the host countries’ national competitiveness. An investment project can be said either to 1) expand production capacity, 2) exploit production factors, 3) create effective demand, 4) induce bubble demand, 5) produce innovation clusters, 6) result in external diseconomy, 7) create a competitive environment, or 8) bring about monopoly. This paper presents a case study analysis, which assesses the overall impact of total investment in Korea by foreign companies in 2007 and a company(A)’s investment project in Korea. The analysis indicates that the former contributed to the expansion of Korea’s production capacity, while the latter helped create innovation clusters in Korea.