페르시아어의 가정법 ―부정문에서의 통사적 분석을 중심으로―

The aim of this paper is to introduce the subjunctive system in Persian and examine the interaction of subjunctive and negative in this language, and finally, to suggest their configuration in the syntax. Subjunctive mood in Persian is considered to be realized with a subjunctive marker, be-, bo-, bi-. However, this subjunctive marker seems to be deleted when the sentences are negated. In this paper, I suggest that this phenomena does not mean that the form and meaning of subjunctive are deleted. Rather, I claim that there exists another form of subjunctive marker, which is null or covert subjunctive marker. That modal verbs always select subjunctive mood is an evidence to prove the existence of the covert subjunctive marker. Moreover, another evidence is that for certain complex predicates, when they are used in subjunctive contexts, their subjunctive form sometimes or, in some cases, always appears without the subjunctive marker. Furthermore, we have specific subjunctive forms of verb ‘budan(to be)’, which can be used in negative contexts without any deletion of their subjunctive forms. Therefore, it is logical to assume the null subjunctive marker in negative sentences in Persian. Based on Halle & Marantz (1993) and Chomsky (2000, 2001b), I proposed that the subjunctive marker, which is a prefix, is entered to the syntax as a combination of features and it is realized overtly by checking its [-verbal] feature against the [+verbal] feature in the main verb under Agree relation.