헤어의 합리론적 비기술주의와 보편적 규정주의

This Study aim to examine R. M. Hare's Rationalistic Non-descriptivism and Universal Prescriptivism. Hare has developed a theory of moral reasoning which he calls "universal prescriptivism". Moral reasoning is reasoning used to arrive at moral judgements. A moral judgement is a kind of value judgement. To understand moral reasoning, one must first understand the logical structure of value judgements. Moral judgements, according to Hare, have two kinds of meaning, prescriptive and descriptive. As prescriptive, moral judgements give directions for action. As descriptive, moral judgements are universalizable. And moral reasoning proceeds by looking for moral principles which one can honestly accept for all cases to which the principles apply, even when one's own interests are at stake. Factual reasons can be given for value judgements, he held, but only in the light of antecedently adopted principles of value, and a man's ultimate principles must just be chosen. They are not true or false but sincere or insincere : sincere if the assertor directs his own conduct in accordance with them. Hare lists the following as the "three most important truths about moral judgements" : (1) They are a kind of prescriptive judgement. (2) They are distinguished from other prescriptive judgements by being universalizable. (3) There can be rational procedure in moral thinking and argument because logical relations between prescriptive judgements are possible.