『존재와 시간』에서 책임과 양심에 대한 탐구

Heidegger’s interpretation of Gewissen, or Schuld is based on ontology and existentialism. Here, interpreting conscience in such way means defining various forms of phenomena in which self is revealed as self. In this study, this researcher investigates how Heidegger interprets popular phenomena of conscience which are often revealed through changes in so-called intuitive liberty. In association, the researcher discusses ‘accountability’ which is related to the interpretation of popular conscience. In German dictionaries, Gewissen, or conscience is conceptualized as ‘knowing’ or ‘consciousness’. Based on this concept, the researcher looks into Nietzsche’s interpretation of conscience. This is because Nietzsche can be clearly traced in Heidegger’s thinking of being, especially in his interpretation of conscientious pricks and accountability. It is expected that Nietzsche’s discussion of conscience can more fundamentally reveal phenomena of conscience which are associated with Sein des Dasein. Popular ethics provide that conscience should have the function of regulating Existenz des Dasein. This request also seems to underlie Kant’s formal ethics as well as Scheler’s material ethics of value. In his writing, 『Sein und Zeit』, Heidegger analyzes bad and good phenomena of conscience as a part of criticizing Scheler’s material ethics of value. Heidegger claims that the voice of conscience is merely an experience of popular conscience and, accordingly, criticizes Kant’s “moral metaphysics”. The point of the criticism is that popular conscience can’t be morally metaphysical.