공유지 비극론의 재이해를 토대로 한 마을숲의 지속가능한 관리 -강릉 송림리 마을숲 사례에 대한 검토를 중심으로

Most village forests have been damaged and are facing the risk of destruction in Korea. Since village forests have performed various functions in terms of Feng-shui, landscape, micro climate control, production, culture, and education, they seem to deserve conservation. According to the theory of the tragedy of the commons, the commons such as village forests cannot help resulting in tragic situation, forest villages in Korea have maintained nature of the commons for a long time. Since village forests are not nature itself but nature intentionally created by local communities to satisfy their needs, they have been conserved, maintained and managed based on communities' rules and norms. Currently, however, large part of village forests are facing the risk of destruction because of ownership change, change of relationship between village forests and local residents, breakdown of communities, operation of socio-economic structure oriented to commodification of common pool resources. Therefore, village forests conservation cannot be achieved justifiably based on the necessity of conservation. It is required to explore whether functions of village forest carried out in the past are still meaningful and who should be the subject of village forests conservation with what purpose. This paper finds that we need “place-based approach,” in which the value of village forests are recognized by village residents, lives of village residents' and the value of village forests are interconnected, and the existence of village forests provides benefits to village residents, especially based on village residents' participation in management process. If problems occur when village residents recognized the value of village forests but they do not own them, it is necessary to recover common ownership by engagement of state, local government or citizens' voluntary action. “The tragedy of the commons” occur because of private ownership of the commons. It is very important to maintain or recover common ownership of the commons and local residents' recognition of the value of the commons and their participation in management of the commons.