中國 企業家精神과 創業動機: 改革·開放政策 以後 創業事例를 中心으로

This paper analyzes Chinese entrepreneurship and motivation for start-up entrepreneurs since economic reforms at the end of 1978. We classify the background of Chinese entrepreneurs into three categories: (1) entrepreneurs from peasant stock, (2) entrepreneurs from professional experts, and (3) ex-government officials. Each category has unique start-up motivations and procedures. Entrepreneurs from peasant stock start their businesses as a means of living and prefer to diversify their business. Entrepreneurs from professional experts start their enterprises to be compensated for their professional knowledge and skills. Entrepreneurs from government officials are conservative in starting their own businesses because of high opportunity cost of quitting their stable jobs. Ex-government officials have close relationship(guanxi) with government authorities, leading ex-government officials ease to access resources necessary for start-up. Earlier firm-level studies on Chinese enterprises have discussed the competitiveness of Chinese firms, but these studies could not explain the source of competitiveness. This paper provides valuable insights into the source of competitiveness and motivation for start-up entrepreneurs by analysing start-up entrepreneur cases since 1978. Based on this paper, future studies may empirically investigate whether or not the background of Chinese entrepreneurs has a effect on start-up motivation and procedures.