생육기 온도가 '후지' 사과의 수체 생육 및 과실 품질에 미치는 영향
Effects of Temperature during Growth Stage on Tree Growth and Fruit Quality in 'Fuji'/M.9 apples
윤철구(충북농업기술원); 손인창(충북대학교); 김대일(충북대학교)
22권 2호, 143~147쪽
초록
온도가 사과나무의 생장에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여포트에 재식된 ‘후지’/M.9을 20, 25, 30 및 35℃로 조절된온실에 6월 1일 반입하여 10월 20일까지 142일 동안 수체생육을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 광합성률은 20~30Å에서는 유의하게 증가한 반면, 35℃처리구에서는 4.6 μmolCO2·m-2·s-1으로 감소하였다. 2. 온도별 신초 발생수는 20℃ 처리구에서 10개로 가장 적었고 25℃(12개) < 30oC(13개) < 35oC(14개) 순이었다. 신초장은 20℃에서 17.0cm로 가장 높은 신장률을 보인 반면,35℃ 처리구는 6.9cm로 처리구 중 신초 생장이 가장 낮았으며, 신초경은 20℃(1.2 mm) > 25℃(1.0 mm) > 30℃(0.5 mm)> 35℃(0.2 mm) 순이었다. 3. 과실 특성을 조사한 결과, 과중은 20℃ 및 25℃ 처리구에서 233, 229 g으로 높았으며, 30, 35℃처리구에서는 154,142 g으로 과중 감소가 현저하였다. 4. 가용성당함량은 35℃를 제외하면 대체로 저온에서 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 안토시아닌 함량은 20℃에서 3.29 mg·cm-2으로 가장 높았고, 온도가 증가하면서 감소하였다. 본 실험의 결과로 과실의 생육기 동안 20℃ 정도의 낮은온도는 광합성률을 증가시켜 착색을 증진시키고 과중 및 당함량과 같은 과실품질을 향상시키는데 효과적이었다.
Abstract
To assess effect of temperature on growth of ‘Fuji’/M9 apple trees, potted plants were transferred to greenhouse set at 20, 25, 30, and 35℃ on June 1, and their growth responses were monitored for 142 days. Photosynthesis rate was significantly increased as temperature was higher in range of 20 to 30℃, while 35℃ that temperature was highest of treatments was remarkably decreased to 4.6μmolCO2·m-2·s-1. The shoot number was smallest as 10 ea at 20℃, and was more in the order of 12 ea at 25℃, 13 ea at 30℃ and 14 ea at 35℃. Shoot length was highest as 17.0 cm at 20℃, but was lowest as 6.9cm at 35℃, and shoot diameter was in the order of 20℃ (1.2 mm), 25℃ (1.0 mm), 30℃ (0.5 mm) and 35℃ (0.2 mm). In the results of investigating the fruit characteristics, fruit weight was increased at 20℃(233 g) and 25℃ (229 g), and was remarkably decreased at 30℃ (154 g) and 35℃ (142 g). 5. The soluble solids content was increased in low temperature treatment except for 35℃ treatment, and anthocyanin content was highest as 3.29 mg·cm-2 at 20℃, and the decreased in higher temeperature. As a result of this study, the low temperature of about 20℃ during fruit growth stage makes photosynthetic rate and coloration increase, so was effective for fruit quality like fruit weight and soluble solids content.
- 발행기관:
- 한국국제농업개발학회
- 분류:
- 농학