긴급구조의무와 나쁜 사마리아인법

The bases of criticism that the bad samaritan law which enforces to perform the duty to rescue in emergency situations by punishment is unacceptable by the reason of moralization of criminal law include the restriction of freedom of attitude by order, the clear-cut distinction of between law and moral, the ambiguity of positive duties etc. It is only decided between positive and passive duties whether the restriction of freedom is within the minimum or not. It is impossible to judge whether the restriction itself within the minimum or not, and impossible to judge by the discrimination between prohibition and order. Positive duty also could not excluded from legal duty even if positive duties is much more in the degree of restriction of freedom than passive duties and they usually belong to moral duty. Because such a restriction is fundamentally necessary for the existence of liberal society and the discrimination between law and moral changes according to time and society. Also against the criticism of the ambiguity of positive duty, for example, being the duty of solidarity restricted to accident cases or dangerous situations, the range of behavior discretion of each individual in the positive duty to rescue becomes narrow. The general duty to rescue of the bad Samaritan law is given to the one only who recognize an accident and is in a position to rescue the victim.