국제운송에 있어서 계약운송인과 실제운송인의 법적 책임

The Hamburg Rules define, ‘contracting carrier’ refers to any person by whom or in whose name a contract of carriage of goods by sea has been concluded with a shipper. Under the same Rules, ‘actual carrier’ means any person to whom the performance of the carriage of goods, or of part of the carriage, has been entrusted by the carrier,and includes any other person to whom such performance has been entrusted. All the provisions of this Rules governing the responsibility of the contracting carrier also apply to the responsibility of the actual carrier for the carriage performed by the carrier. Where the performance of the carriage or part thereof has been entrusted to an actual carrier, whether or not in pursuance of a liberty under the contract of carriage by sea to do so, the contracting carrier nevertheless remains responsible for the entire carriage according to the provisions of this Rules. The Hamburg Rules explicitly hold that a contracting carrier is responsible, in relation to the carriage performed by the actual carrier, for the acts and omissions of the actual carrier and of his servants and agents acting within the scope of their employment. The actual carrier is responsible for loss, damage or delay in delivery caused by an occurrence which takes place while the goods are in his charge. Under the Korean Maritime Law, following the regulations of Hamburg Rules,the regulations as relates to a carrier can be applied to an actual carrier. However, due to the lack of precedence and inadequacies in legislation, in addition to the lack of relevant judicial review, many dispute often arise from the issues which are presented in this article.