미국 교육격차해소법(NCLB)의 법적 고찰

The Problem of the educational gap is the substantial issue which every government in the world should solve with people's agreement. On January 8, 2002, President George W. Bush signed the No Child Left Behind Act(NCLB) into law. NCLB reauthorized and amended federal educational programs under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA), the main source of federal legislation and funding for public schools. NCLB brought accountability measures and increased budgets to states and local educational agencies, leading to an unprecedented expansion of federal influence over education policy. The United States has traditionally considered education a state and local issue. NCLB's language appears to protect states' control over education by preventing the federal government from imposing an unfunded mandate. However, state officials from both political parties have nonetheless expressed federalism concerns over NCLB requirements. Many conservatives believe that NCLB is a “federal intrusion” into public schools, whereas many liberals believe that NCLB focuses too greatly on standardized tests that states must report to ED. Furthermore, many states claim that NCLB's usurpation of local control over education policy produces rigid federal guidelines that do not fit local needs and are not economically feasible to implement. States have raised these federalism concerns since the moment NCLB was introduced, leading some to believe that federal partisan politics stifled debate and led both houses of Congress to pass NCLB over local objection. NCLB needs more deliberation to revise for coping with diverse voices from local schools and student's parents.