미국 연방헌법상 인사청문회제도

The Confirmation Hearings in the United States of America are commonly held for the very highest positions and political appointees, such as nominees to become members of the President's Cabinet or the Supreme Court, Ambassadors, Public Ministers, Consuls, etc. By the article two section two clause two of the United States Constitution, the president shall nominate and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law. Some committee rules require that nominees provide biographical, financial, and other information to the committee. A committee may also request reports of FBI background checks on the nominee that have been conducted for the White House. This information may be used in questioning a nominee or other witnesses. Confirmation hearings may also offer Senators an opportunity for oversight. For example, questions about how a nominee might manage an agency or administer a program may help Senators evaluate an agency's effectiveness. The Senate's Consent is advisory because confirmation does not bind the President to commission and empower the confirmed nominee. The role of the Senate in the confirmation process is defined in the Constitution. Article II, Section 2 provides that the President shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint high government officials. All positions requiring confirmation are set by statute. Senate Rule XXXI regulates proceedings on nominations in executive session. Each senate committee may adopt its own procedures as long as they do not conflict with Senate rules. Senate Committees have the authority to hold confirmation hearings on presidential nominations to executive and judicial positions within their jurisdiction. The confirmation process of the presidential appointees could be divided into serveral steps like Presidential Submission, Committee Referral and Consideration, Floor Consideration, White House Notification, Routine Nominations. The President of United States of America can nominate after receiving the Senate's advice and consent. As states above, Article Ⅱ of the Constitution authorizes the President to nominate certain government officials with the “advice and consent” of the Senate. U.S. Senate Rules and U.S. Committee Rules explain executive session proceedings on nomination, committee procedure, etc in detail and especially confirmation process of the presidential appointees. In conclusion, to improve the confirmation system of the Republic of Korea which is established on June 23. 2000, it is important to analyze and understand the system of confirmation Hearing in the United States of America. Because U.S.A is the first country in the world which introduce the system of confirmation hearing. And also the system of confirmation hearing is operating very successfully. Therefore it is very important to analyze and understand the system of confirmation Hearing in the United States of America. So that, in this study, I analyze and also describe how to operate U.S.A. Confirmation Hearing System.