금융소비자 보호에 관한 법제도적 고찰 -한국과 중국의 비교를 중심으로-

Based on the characteristics of financial products, financial information asymmetry will be present between financial institutions to sell and trading partners. The efforts to protect financial trading partners start from the recognition of regarding them as the comparatively ‘weak consumers’ in financial transactions. Thus, to protect ‘financial consumers’, we can find consumer protection regulations in various financial laws. Financial consumers are largely classified as depositors, borrowers,financial investors, policyholders, etc.; there are many legislations to protect them, including the Banking law, the Depositor Protection Act, Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act, Insurance Section in the Commercial Law, Insurance Law. Accordingly, the voices that specific legislation for the financial consumer protection should be enacted have been raised, and this is tentatively named ‘Financial Consumer Protection Act (Draft)’On the other hand, with increasing trade with China and the increasing number of financial transactions in China, lots of financial companies are also actively making inroad to the Chinese Market. Dozens of corporate form(legal entity) and licensed(qualified) foreign institutional investors (QFII) in the form of a financial company have already entered the Chinese Market. Therefore, an understanding of China's financial law has its practical meanings. South Korea and China have a little difference in the financial legislation and regulatory mechanisms and authority seem somewhat different, but importantly, through the financial crisis of 2008, in both countries, there are a kind of consistency in tightening financial consumers protection. The concept of consumer finance is still unclear, so it is necessary to specify its concept by setting a target for the financial consumer protection and furthermore efforts to protect financial consumers will be needed in each financial authorities. Also, if necessary, it is feasible to establish a dedicated agency for financial consumer protection. Efforts such as establishment of financial institution’s complaint handling procedures (Ombusman) and ADR of professional mediation institutions could also be considered. Most importantly, both nations should try to make appropriate financial and banking legislations according to their unique circumstances.