문화산업시대 문학의 존재론 -레비나스와 바흐친의 외재성 개념을 중심으로

This article is a study on relationship between difference and totality in the context of aesthetics. Especially this study focuses on philosophy of E. Levinas and M. Bakhtin. 'Exteriority' is the main term of this examines. The age of 'cultural industry' used by Adorno and Horkheimer is also the age of lost negativity. The term 'Exteriority' of Levinas describes how subjectivity arises from the idea of infinity, and how infinity is produced in the relationship of the I and the Other. Exteriority is produced beyond 'totality' which is one of key words of the western philosophy. That is why Levinas named his book as Totality and Infinity. Levinas examined the relationship of exteriority and language, of exteriority and image in this book. Eros, fecundity and creation are typical examples of self-transcendence. We can transcend beyond 'being' through exteriority as Levinas thought. Literature is one of possibilities like that. M. Bakhtin first used the expression 'exteriority'(вненаходимость) in his philosophical essay "Author and hero". This term plays very important role in his aesthetics, because it is impossible to be polyphonic novel if it would be not beyond totality and monologue system in the Bakhtin's view. And dialogism means a kind of inter-exteriority or plural exteriority. It's close to agonistic pluralism, not to neutral pluralism. Polyphonic novel is a possibility of modern literature in the age of cultural industry. Difference or totality? It is pseudo question, the important thing for us is to go beyond this dichotomy : deconstruction or dialectics. The real of this world appears with very dynamic and unfinished dialogue. Exteriority is a key of this dialogue.