심리학적 관점에서 본 양심 이해: 융의 관점을 중심으로

Conscience is understood as an inherent characteristic and a kind of mental phenomenon which can reveal human dignity. Not only ethical thinkers but also psychologists often deal with the phenomenon of conscience as three dimensions : cognitive, emotional, and volitional(behavioral) dimensions. This study investigates into the educational meaning & limitation of conscience on the basis of psychological perspectives : psychoanalysis, social learning theory, and cognitive development theory. As an meaningful alternative to overcome the limitations of three psychological approach to conscience, this study will propose the approach of Jung’s psychology(analytic psychology) to conscience. The existing moral psychological approach to conscience handles the forming of conscience in the context of socialization. Although the aspects of socialization vary from “social mold”(Freud) which means the one-way by parent(teacher) to the interactional explanations(Bandura, Hoffmann) placing more stress upon cognitive process or autonomy of child(pupil). From these arguments we can draw positive implications that we need to consider properly the desires of child(pupil) in the curriculum for the forming of conscience, internalize wholesome guilt and shame, and use inductive discipline showing valid reason or ground between parent(teacher) and child(pupil)Jung's approach to conscience can pave a way to assuring universality or a priori aspect of conscience phenomenon as well as accommodating the educational implications of the existing moral psychological perspectives. And it can scrutinize the diverse problems of conscience on the basis of the concept of the Self(Selbst) which includes both consciousness and unconsciousness. Jung classifies the forms of conscience : “moral(moralisch)” and “ethical(ethisch)” form. Whereas the former represents conventional morality, the latter complies with the vocation of the Self. Beyond the conventional morality or the request of the mass, the ethical form of conscience follows interior way, that is, Tao which manifests itself within the Self. In this context, life living up to conscience means the life realizing the Self.