한국 대통령의 과학기술 리더십 연구: 민주화 이전과 이후의 비교론적 관점에서

We analyze how the presidential leadership for science and technology has been changed and displayed before and after the political democratization in 1987. In particular, we focus on (1)presidential will for the science and technology; (2) contents of major science and technology policy and characteristics of the administrative system of science and technology; and (3) changes in budget and labor force for research and development in the context of the industrial development process. There are three major findings from this analysis: first, the science and technology policy has been separated from the national economic development plan and strikes out a field of its own in the national development plan after the democratization. Second, the administrative system for the science and technology after the democratization has been operated with cooperation of other research &development organizations while it had been run by the president and his close advisors before the democratization. Third, the research and development budget and labor force have changed from government-led formation to business-led formation. Based on these findings, we argue that presidents before the democratization—Syngman Rhee, Park Chung Hee, and Chun Doo Hwan—can be classified as ‘policy facilitator’or ‘policy commander’and presidents after the democratization—Roh Tae Woo,Kim Young Sam, Kim Dae Jung, Roh Moo Hyun, and Lee Myung Bak can be classified as ‘policy conciliator’or ‘policy broker.’Finally, we argue that the presidential leadership for science and technology after the democratization has changed from policy commander into policy broker who can mediate conflicts derived from multiple interested parties and their needs.