미국 헌법에 나타난 행정관료 제한규범

Since the modern state regime has appeared in the scene of human history, anti-bureaucratic sense among general citizens has grown along with the settlement of the modern states. Furthermore, the fear that government bureaucracy is too powerful and almost out of control,has probably never been strong as it is today. Bureaucratic elements, characterized as large-scaled, formal, complex, task-specialized, and goal-oriented by Dwight Waldo, are present in every modern mega-scale organization, public or private, the dural conflicting imperative of being efficient and effective as well as protective on individual constitutional rights place the great burden upon public administrators in the bureaucracy. Just as administration has helped to create civilization and civilization has in turn helped administration increase its power and versatility, administrative values have facilitated negative sides of bureaucracy as inappropriate, repressive, rigid, dangerous, obsolete. While governmental activities and public services that democracy seeks from the government have been increasing and expanded, complications and restraints in and surrounding public administration and administrators do make their efficient, effective, and economic operation difficult. As Waldo argued, achievement of the optimal mixture of democracy and bureaucracy is the major challenge of today's public administrators. This paper examines a system of restraints controlling the power of public administrators and bureaucracy and discusses constitutional restraints on public administration.