수·위탁기업의 경영성과 분석 : 조선, 자동차, 전기전자의 거래관계를 고려하여

The rate of outsourcing is high, at over 80%, in South Korea’s shipbuilding, automobile and electrical and electronic industries which have grown into global-level industries. In these areas, therefore, securing competitive suppliers in line with companies’ market strategies and forming mutual, organic partnerships with suppliers have become essential factors for business survival. However, despite governmental and business efforts, problems related with sub-contractual transactions, such as supply cost reduction etc. These problems underlie the perception that the disparity in profitability between large and small- and medium-sized businesses and between consignors and consignees is growing serious. This study made a multi-dimensional comparison and analysis of the managerial performance of consignors (large businesses), their suppliers (small businesses) and ordinary small businesses in three representative industries with a subcontracting structure: the shipbuilding, automobile and electrical and electronic industries. To this end, transaction relations between large and small- and medium-sized companies in each industry were investigated on a long-term basis and then suppliers were categorized based on standards. The reason is that if the complexity of the transactional relationships between consignors and consignees is not considered, many businesses that should be classified into ordinary small- and medium-businesses may be regarded as suppliers and the analysis result may be distorted. The result of the research was that, small and medium suppliers’ ratios of operating profit to net sales were higher than those of their consignors and similar to or higher than those of ordinary small- and medium-sized businesses. On the other hand, the ratios of small and medium suppliers in the electrical and electronic industries were lower than those of large consignors but not different from those of ordinary small- and medium-sized businesses. In terms of stability, the debt ratios of small- and medium-sized businesses were higher than those of large consignors in the automobile and electrical and electronic industries, except for the shipbuilding industry with industrial particularity. The current ratio was higher in small- and medium-sized businesses than large consignors in all the industries. Growth and asset operational efficiency indicators were highest in ordinary small- and medium-sized businesses, followed by medium suppliers and large consignors. Furthermore, the average accounts receivable collection period was longer than the average accounts payable payment period in ordinary small- and medium-businesses in all the industries. Accordingly, the analysis result shows that ordinary small- and medium-businesses have trouble with settlement and the problem should be resolved. This study is meaningful in that it presents a neutral and objective analysis result based on micro data. This study is expected to be utilized as basic material to devise policies for mutual survival strategies for small- and medium-sized companies and large companies or to improve policies for them.