대학, 공공연구기관의 기술이전 효율성 변화와 효율성 결정요인 분석

This study analyzes efficiency of universities and public research institutes (PRIs) in their technology transfer activities and its determinants, using a two-stage estimation method. First, we measure the technology transfer efficiency of universities and PRIs and changes in their efficiency by SFA approach, in which we analyze a frontier function with input variables only. Then, we examine the determinants of the estimated efficiency using Tobit model with a variety of variables expected to affect technology transfer efficiency. Main findings are as follows: First, over a 4-year period (2007-2010), efficiency of universities and PRIs increased by 6.4% on average. Further, the estimated efficiency of PRIs in the technology transfer was higher than that of universities for the entire period. Second, an incentive for inventors (researchers) and technology transfer education turn out to be major factors that increase their efficiency. This finding is in contrast to the claim that the incentive for inventors is not practically useful as a determinant since such incentive system has been already implemented by law. Third, it is found that technology licensing office(TLO), incentive and education for contributor, or collaboration with professional technology transfer agencies do not affect their efficiency in the technology transfer activities. This result implies that the role of TLOs, full-time staffs or external specialized technology intermediaries needs to be expanded. On the other hand, in the case of PRIs, the incentive and education for TLOs or technology transfer contributors are found to be a key determinant to increase their efficiency in the technology transfer. Such contrast is deeply related to the structural difference of technology transfer activity between universities and PRIs.