[번역문] 중국 상업은행 자본관리감독과 영향력에 대한 검토

Capital regulation is the core of the prudential supervision of commercial banks, More than thirty years since the reform and opening up of new China, the regulatory capital of the bank experienced a system start‐up (from the reform and opening up to 1995 June), capital soft constraints (1995 July to 2004 February) and capital hard constraints (2004 March up to now) in three stages, our understanding of the status and role of capital instruments in the banking supervision is gradually depth. In order to implement the Basel Ⅲ, 2012 June China Banking Regulatory Commission released a commercial bank capital management (Trial), the new capital management approach will be implemented on January 1, 2013. The new approach to overcome it exists on the original capital regulation covers the types of risks, the risk of a lack of sensitivity, risk management of commercial banks lack incentives defects. The new approach to refine and improve the capital adequacy ratio of regulatory requirements strict a definition of capital, to expand the capital cover the risk of the scope and capital coverage of the border, to adjust the credit risk of the right weight, to establish a bank risk tubes control the incentives, to modify the commercial banks classification criteria and classification method, emphasizing the differentiated supervision of banks, and strictly regulate the disclosure of bank information. The new approach will enhance the security of the banking system, and enhance the ability of banks to absorb losses, which will help the real economy benign. However, the implementation of the new approach will give banks capital adequacy ratio has generally declined, all banks face the pressure of capital replenishment; loan provision rate regulatory requirements and the capacity of the capital market, will enable the bank's capital supplement difficult, capital instruments innovation is imminent; the capital constraints further enhanced impact will be the next bank business structure, forcing the bank to change the extensive operation mode high capital consumption, which will have a favorable impact on the bank's long‐term development.