뉴딜 사회보장법 노령연금 제정(1935)과 개정(1939)의 함의 －개인의 형평성에서 가족의 적절성으로－

Old Age Insurance of the Social Security Act, which was legislatedin 1935, was a logical extension of the New Deal’s search for economicsecurity. Social insurance advocates sought to prevent destitution andobviate the public charity by protecting family breadwinners againstthe potential hazards of industrial life. However, the initial Old AgeInsurance did little more to meet the criteria of a true social securitydoctrine, as it mostly covered only wage workers working forindustrial and commercial sectors and excluded others working fordomestic and agricultural sectors. Even then, the quality of benefitsvaried by class, race and gender. Immediately after the Social security Act passed in Congress,criticism arose and issues of adequacy began to surface. However, inthe process of making the amendment of 1939, the planners andadvisors of Old Age Insurance again assumed that the program wouldessentially cover male breadwinners and their family members. Thisdeepened the existing distinction of social and economic citizenshipbased on race, gender and economic sector. The segregation, embeddedin the Old Age Insurance of the Social Security Act from its inception,therefore remained characteristic even after its amendment in 1939. This paper intends to show how dominant values and assumptionsinfluence public policy which shape social status and civil life.