부산저축은행의 회계부정 사례
The Accounting Fraud Case of Busan Savings Bank
김지령(경북대학교); 이준호(경북대학교); 권선국(경북대학교)
17권 2호, 193~228쪽
초록
부산저축은행과 4개의 관계회사 저축은행 모두 2011년 2월에 영업정지 처분되었다. 부동산경기가 침체되는데도 물적 담보를 확보하지 않는 고위험․고수익의 PF대출에 계속 집중하여 외형으로는 꾸준히 성장하였으나 연체율은 증가하였다. 최대주주와 경영진이 공모하여 가공의 SPC를 설립하고 막대한 사업자금을 대출받는 과정에서 서민과 중소기업을 위한 지역금융기관이 아닌 대주주 및 경영진의 사금고로 유용되었고, 부진한 SPC사업을 정상여신으로 위장하고자 불법대출을 반복하였다. 또한 분식회계를 통하여 후순위채를 발행할 수 있는 여건을 조성하고, 예금자보호대상에서 제외되는 후순위채를 남발하여 BIS비율을 높게 발표하였다. 그밖에도 흑자분식을 이용한 부정은 다양하다. 이러한 저축은행의 불법대출을 발견하지 못하고 대손충당금을 적정수준으로 반영하지 못한 외부감사인의 책임도 크다. 저축은행의 경영정상화를 내세운 완화된 정부정책과 금융감독원의 소홀한 감독도 부산저축은행의 비리로 인한 부실을 키운 것이다. 본 연구는 저축은행의 비리사건 중에서도 최대 규모인 부산저축은행의 사례를 이용하여 온갖 비리로 부실하게 된 실태와 그 원인을 분석하여, 그 과정에서 이용된 회계부정을 적발하고 더 나아가 이를 예방하는 교육에 활용하고자 한다. 그리고 저축은행 회계의 투명성을 제고하고 효과적인 규제안을 제시하는데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.
Abstract
The operations of Busan Savings Bank, the country's biggest savings bank, and its four affiliates (the banks) were suspended in February 2011. A property market slump was started in the 2008 global financial crisis, but the banks continued to focus on project financing (PF) loans, which were generally unsecured without any collaterals and related to high risks and high returns. The banks' assets were seemingly increased, but the delinquency rates for PF loans rose and the loans are defaulted. The banks were discovered to have extended massive illegal loans to their major shareholders using special purpose companies (SPC), which were established by the management with a conspiracy. The original role of the banks is to provide low-income wage earners and small businesses with savings and loan services as a local financial institutions, but the banks were used as a private fund. The banks committed financial statements frauds and then issued and sold a lot of subordinated bonds, which were unprotected from losses caused by a bank's inability to pay its debts when due under the depositor protection act. The instruments could generate a higher Bank for International Settlements (BIS) ratios, a measure of capital adequacy ratio, over 5 percent of the government's recommendation. The ripple effects from fraudulent profits resulted in a wide variety of frauds. There are countless victims of the banks' scheme and corruptions. External auditors neither detected massive illegal loans nor accounted an appropriate level of allowances for doubtful accounts to estimate how much the receivables would not be collected and to exclude that amount from being recognized on the income statement. The savings bank which started as mutual credit funds began to grow using the relaxed regulations to offer high interest rates to attract deposits and to expand risky loans and investments. Poorly designed laws, the regulatory incompetence and the connivance of irresponsible authorities have also resulted in the banks' widespread corruptions. This study is to analyze the causes and effects of the banks' corruptions and irregularities using the case of the banks, the biggest corruption case of savings banks, furthermore this case is used for an education to detect and prevent accounting frauds. We expect contributions to improve accounting transparency of savings banks and to establish effective regulations.
- 발행기관:
- 한국경영학회
- 분류:
- 경영교육