공정사회 구현을 위한 보편적 복지의 제도화 - 정의원칙의 확대 재구성과 주요 복지제도에의 적용 -

Social problems that rich-poor gap, inequality of opportunity, polarization caused inequality and unfairness have reached the worrying level which is too high to be neglected. Accordingly, electoral commitments for welfare have appeared in recent elections, through which universal welfare starts. However, they are criticized for ‘populist beneficial welfare' just for elections under the condition that their ideological basis are still vague. In fact, since it is not easy to make a social agreement on universal welfare, we experience severe conflicts between generations surrounding the basic pension and the national pension financial integration. In addition, local governments offer considerable resistance to the funding problems caused by the introduction of free child day care etc. Like this, since the universal welfare programs are widely improvised as just for 'gaining a vote' without the ideological base of welfare system and social agreements between generations, there are concerns that the initial designing process for universal welfare system is to be in danger of going down with the swamp of a rough-and-ready. This study first tries to review the implications of a necessary base justice and a taxation justice as an ideological base of universal welfare and a social agreement framework of realizing a fair society and a taxation justice, and reconstruct some principles of justice by adding the review results to performance-based justice and equality of opportunity. Continually this study argues that the reconstructed principles of justice should certainly get settled under what kinds of welfare institutions. Lastly, after reflecting on how much those principles are applied to the Korean welfare system, this study discusses some policy implications on the institutionalization toward universal welfare in order to make up for something that is inadequate in the application of the principles of justice.