국제관광의 ‘산업 내 무역’ 이론 적용가능성과 결정요인 분석: 중력모형(Gravity Model)을 중심으로

Considering international tourism as an intra-industry trade that countries at the same time import and export theproducts of the same industry, this study aims to apply intra-industry trade theory as one of the mainstream theoriesin international trade to international tourism. To this end, this study employed two research models for researchobjectives: 1) the model of intra-industry trade of international tourism industry in the world (model 1) and 2) themodel of intra-industry trade of international tourism industry in Korea (model 2). These models include variousindependent variables known as determinants of intra-industry trade theory (i.e., real GDP, foreign direct investment,the area of territory, heritage resources, distance, the form of territory, and cultural similarities). As an estimationmethod, panel data model including fixed effect and random effect model was employed in this study. It was foundin the two research models that random effect model was more appropriate to achieve research objectives throughHausman test. The results of this study indicate that real GDP, foreign direct investment, and the area of territoryhad significantly positive effects on the trade of international tourism industry in the world. Moreover, foreign directinvestment, distance, the form of territory, and cultural similarities had positive effects on the trade of internationaltourism industry in Korea. This study will contribute to international tourism by applying the intra-industry tradetheory when considering international tourism as an intra-industry trade phenomenon.