개발국가의 환경정의: 한국적 환경정의론의 모색
Environment Justice in the Developmental State - In Search for a Korean Theory of Environmental Justice -
조명래(단국대학교)
35권 3호, 69~111쪽
초록
이 글은 우리나라에서 존재할 수 있는 환경(부)정의(environmental (in)justice) 문제를 개발사업을 준거로 하여 검토해보고자 한다. 미국에서는 환경(부)정의 문제를 사회적, 환경적 약자로서 저소득 소수인종이 환경을 매개로 하여 겪는 환경적 박탈, 환경불평등 문제로 규정된다면, 이는 다인종 사회, 후기산업사회, 탈도시화 단계에서 발생하는 미국적 상황을 반영하는 것이다. 사회구조적 특징, 발전방식, 도시화 단계 등이 다른 우리나라에서 환경 불평등은 어떻게 발생하고 환경 부정의로 어떻게 규정되어 존재하며, 그 효과는 어떤 것일까? 이 물음은 모두 체계적인 연구와 논의꺼리다. 이 글은 우리나라가 상대적으로 단일 민족국가이고, 여전히 성장과 물리적 개발을 중시하고 있으며, 도시화가 아직도 활발하게 전개되는 단계에 있는 ‘개발국가’임을 전제하고, 이런 국가상황에서 발생하는 환경불평등 혹은 환경부정의의 문제와 양태, 그리고 그 발생기제와 문제점 등을 검토하면서 한국적 환경정의론의 가능성을 모색해보고자 한다.
Abstract
This paper examines the question of environmental (in)justice’ as a derivative of developmental issues generated in Korea’s developmental state. In the U. S., environmental (in)justice is defined as the problem of environmental deprivation or environmental inequality which low-income minority peoples as the socially and environmentally weak experience via the environment. This reflects the U. S. developmental situation associated with its characteristics as a multi-ethnic and post-industrial society. Then, how is environmental inequality socially generated and exist with what effect in Korea which has a different feature of social structure at a different stage of development and urbanization? This question can be addressed only if there are a systematic research and a thorough discussion. On the preposition that Korea is relatively a single ethnic country and still at the stage of dynamic growth, physical development and urbanization, this paper seeks a Korean theory of environmental justice by examining the issue and nature of environmental inequality and injustice and its generative mechanisms and subsequent problematics Green Growth as a new paradigm needs a possibility of flexible land use and might move to the united green plan legal system through combination of land use legal system and environmental legal system. To fulfill the principles of green growth, it is needed much elaborate approach for the traffic legal system, much finer touch for the building legal system so that the concerned various interests can be harmonized, which arise in the implementation process of green growth. Green Growth as a national strategy throws many problems from the viewpoint of rule of law, especially the ambiguity of the concept and the production of delegated legislation, therefore the countermeasures for these problems are requested. In the Green Growth the role of local government is very important because lots of national tasks are delegated to the local government. In this trend the appropriate control mechanism for abuse of delegated powers of the local government should also be prepared.
- 발행기관:
- 한국환경법학회
- 분류:
- 법학