WTO의 상계관세 및 반덤핑관세 관련 미국-중국 WTO 철강분쟁사건(DS 414)에 대한 고찰

The duty payable on an imported goods may be increased above that normally required by the posted tariff schedule by countervailing duty or anti-dumping duty. A subsidy shall be deemed to exist if there is a financial contribution by a government and a benefit is thereby conferred. Dumping involves exporting goods at lower price than the price used to sell the same goods in a domestic market. An importing country imposes anti-dumping duty on the dumped-goods to protect its domestic industry. WTO was established as a product of the Uruguay Round, which was successfully completed in 1994. WTO provides a system for settling international trade dispute through the Dispute Settlement Body("DSB") There are five stages in the resolution of disputes under WTO: ⅰ) Consultation ⅱ) Panel establishment, investigation, and report, ⅲ) Appellate review of the panel report, ⅳ) Adoption of the panel and appellate decision, and ⅴ) Inplementation of the decision. China imposed countervailing and anti-dumping duties on grain oriented flat-rolled electrical steel from the United States. The measures were imposed by China's Ministry of Commerce (“MOFCOM”) and the United States claimed that they were inconsistent with China's commitments and obligations under the Anti-Dumping Agreement, the SCM Agreement and the GATT 1994. On 25 March 2011, the DSB established a panel under the request by the United States. The Panel upheld the United States' claims with respect to initiation of certain countervailing duty investigations, with respect to MOFCOM's price effects analysis, and with respect to MOFCOM's causation analysis, and circulated the panel report on 15 June 2012(DS 414). China appealed to the Appellate Body certain issues of law and legal interpretations covered in the panel report. The Appellate Body upheld the Panel’s report and circulated the appellate body report on 18 October 2012. On 16 November 2012, the DSB adopted the Appellate Body report and the panel report. On 3 May 2013, the arbitration report on the reasonable time for China's implementation of the DSB recommendations and rulings.