생활안전을 위한 국가 및 지방자치단체의 역할- 일본의 경우를 중심으로 -

Recently, the main area of ​​interest of the national and local governments of Japan is related to safety and security for civic life. Conventional safety measures was the “safety net” to “achieve a minimum of damage, such as risk management or safety training or predict the risk”. It came to be recognized by the issue of ‘quality of life’ is security measures for a wound of the heart then, ‘fulfillment of life safety and security’ became the new age challenges. Since the Meiji era, life safety and security measures were no safety measures of top-down expression is mainstream in Japan, in terms of safety changes, promotion of voluntary relief measures form of civil society has been strongly demanded. And local governments began to make a living safety regulations by such a request. The term life safety is used everyday living, environment safety, and security, in a wide range of areas, the role of life safety areas like this to promote comprehensive measures on security of everyday life has become even greater. First, to allow the action selection and decision-making based on good judgment and a deep understanding phenomena such as crime and damage incidents and accidents, how to prevent the cause and in everyday life is life safety at such points, second, enables us to that as can take safe action in consideration the safety of ourselves and others by preventing a variety of risk of potential in everyday life, to improve the hazardous environment, the third by in, and respect the lives of ourselves and others, to recognize the importance of the society safe and secure, you have the advantage to be able to contribute to the safety of the community home, or school. The Japanese government of society strong to create a ‘holding plan of a safe and secure community development nationwide’ in relation to town planning safe and secure, the private sector in conjunction with the 14th Urban Renaissance Headquarters Joint Meeting and the 5th Crime Ministerial Meeting 'to crime I supplement the action plan 'for the realization. Was also out and discussed measures should focus on promoting earlier in order to accelerate this. In order to promote this, further activities such as crime prevention volunteers to promote and develop business of school safety regime regional safety, security, station promotion business, to the local Police, Fire Department, and the Ministry of Education jointly it was supposed to support various to activate. Life safety regulations are those which were established toward the secure life safety based on the advantages of the life safety of such. However, not be said that that such efforts it can fully about the threat factor of safety necessarily, because there is the criticism that ‘unavoidable oversight of organizational power’ to the life safety regulations, to be considered in this regard is required. Infringement and limitation of fundamental rights of the Constitution is of particular concern, if the life safety regulations have been enacted in police Judoha because there are many, criticized local autonomy that is denied by this have been raised. And a new risk of serious violations of civil liberties is concerned by the ‘police of the people’ to make so-called tissue citizens to monitor the citizens he is expected. The life safety regulations and life safety measures in Japan in the making of the legal basis for the construction of the support system and management of-life safety recently, for increased safety incidents, are considering a variety of countermeasures in life in Japan I considered discussions with present situation and to provide the appropriate suggested. First I think the need to recognize the importance of discussion for ‘life safety’.