모아레등고선 촬영법을 활용한 머리뼈의 분석과 인구집단추정의 가능성

The non-metric analysis of the skulls is very useful for estimating sex and determination of ancestry,the accuracy tends to depend on the amount of experiences of the observers, and so inter-observer errors might behappened. Many researchers are trying to find out more objective methods for determination of ancestry. Thepurpose of this presentation is to show the usefulness of moiré contourography for analyzing the skull. The master screen that is similar to the gratings was made by steel rods, which were arranged as equally spacedparallel lines. Halogen light source was illuminated by lantern slide projector. The skeletal materials were documentedcrania, composed of 87 male and 47 female, from William M. Bass Donated Skeletal Collection housedat the Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee. The skulls were placed just behind the master screenas anatomical position using cubic craniophore. The angle between the light source and camera was 65 , the distancebetween camera and the master screen was 1.2 m. Frontal view, left lateral and right lateral view were taken. From the frontal view, fringe patterns were analyzed for first five contour lines which were mainly locatedaround the Glabella. The results were as followed; Type I for male was 53% and female was 4%; Type II formale was 29% and female was 2%; Type III for male was 2% and female was 15%; Type IV for male was 6%and female was 55%. From the lateral view, fringe patterns were analyzed for first four contour lines. However, first and secondcontour lines were critical to determine the shape and the results were as followed; Type I for male was 52% andfemale was 22%; Type II for male was 38% and female was 26%; Type III for male was 8% and female was17%; Type IV for male was 2% and female was 35%. According to this study, different fringe patterns might be dependent on the degree of development of bonemarker such as Glabella, Supercillary arch, Euryon and Mastoid process. For example, Supercillary arches werevery well developed and slope of forehead above the Glabella was declined, fringe pattern showed reverse triangleshape. If Supercillary arches were poorly developed and slope of forehead above the Glabella was flat, fringepattern showed home plate shape. The present research shows that moiré contourography might be used as moreobjective methods for estimating sex. And it would be helpful to determine the ancestry when the lateral aspectswere analyzed. In the future, continuing study need to be performed with same master screen for different ancestry.