의존 비대칭성 하에서 프랜차이즈 본부의 통제시스템이 가맹점의 재무적 성과에 미치는 영향

Control and performance are critical to how organizations function. An abundant literaturehighlights the link between the design of control systems and the organization's taskenvironment. However, this study concentrates on franchise systems. Until now it has largelyignored in prior research dealing with control system. There seems to be a general disinterestfor franchise systems by control system scholars though insight derived from the analysis offranchise systems could be of relevance for management in general. Today, outcome or/andbehavior based performance measures and rewards become commonplace in franchise system. They are major characteristics of franchise system. These characteristics are assumed to raisefranchisee's motivation and enhance product and service quality. Indeed, praise for outcomerelated pay-for-performance as a symbol of modern quality management is common. However, many authors point to the difficulties inherent to the introduction of such controlsystems in general as well as in franchise system. In this vein, it has been argued that somecontrol systems in franchise system often make little impact on the product and servicesprovided, or the impact they make is quite different from what was intended. One major reasonis the lack of an adequate theoretical underpinning of control system in franchise relationship. This study examine whether control system theory really fits in the franchise system. As stated in prior research, a control systems is organization's set of procedures formonitoring, directing, evaluating, and compensating its members. For the most part the controlframeworks studied control into two main categories: formal control and informal control. Formal control specifies rules and procedures that require particular patterns of behavior to befollowed in order to achieve desired goals. Informal controls differ from formal controls in thatthey are social or people-based and they focus on the role that individuals or groups play in the exercise of control. They are typically instigated and implemented by employees and areunwritten rules that influence how employees behave. This study focused on both of them andproposed that control systems can have effects on financial performance in franchise systemcontext. Especially the study dealt with behavior and outcome control as formal controls, andclan control as a informal control. This study was an attempt to examine the effects of control systems on financial performancein the context of franchise system. In other words, The study tried to investigate the effects offranchisor’s behavior, outcome, and clan control on franchisee’s financial performance. Inaddition, the study tried to examine the effects of interactions between three control systemsand dependence asymmetry which existed between franchisor and franchisee. The research model is as follows:Data CollectionThis research conducted the study using data collected from 85 respondents of franchisors inKorean franchise industry. Korea Franchise Association provided its membership lists andhelped to conduct the survey. The lists consists of three types of franchisors, such as dining,retailing, and service franchisor. Model EstimationThis research estimated the model using hierarchical regression analysis. This researchreports the estimation results in Table 1. The equations the research estimates are as follows:Y = β1X1 + β2X2 + β3X3 + β4X4 + β5X5 + β6X6 + β7X3X6 + β8X4X6 + β9X5X6Y: Financial performance of franchiseeX1: Sales of franchisorX2: Number of employees of franchisee Model EstimationThis research estimated the model using hierarchical regression analysis. This researchreports the estimation results in Table 1. The equations the research estimates are as follows:Y = β1X1 + β2X2 + β3X3 + β4X4 + β5X5 + β6X6 + β7X3X6 + β8X4X6 + β9X5X6Y: Financial performance of franchiseeX1: Sales of franchisorX2: Number of employees of franchisee X3: outcome controlX4: behavior controlX5: clan controlX6: dependence advantage of franchisorXiX6: Interaction between Xi and X6βi: Standardized coefficientResultsThe analysis utilizing hierarchical regression model indicated that outcome control had apositive effect on financial performance. Unlike outcome control, behavior and clan controlhad no significant effect on it. On the other hand, there were significant interaction effectsbetween behavior and clan controls and dependence asymmetry on the financial performanceof franchisee.