도덕적응설의 관점에서 본 고대사회 집단책임관습

This thesis reviews the collective responsibility custom as a result of moral adaptation. To study morality is not just a work of philosophical ethics any more. It has become a common work of natural science including biology, neuroscience and (evolutionary) psychology. Moral emotion and intuition that had been prejudged as unknowable in ethics for a long time have become a new scientific subjects. Evolutionary ethics, as a part of evolutionary psychology claims that moral rules have evolved by natural selection because it was advantageous for the survival and reproduction of our ancestors. This means, it argues that human morality is a kind of evolved psychological mechanism(EPM). Moral adaptivism is an area of Evolutionary ethics. According to moral adaptivism, a moral act increases inclusive fitness, and an immoral act decreases inclusive fitness. Inclusive fitness theory developed by William Hamilton supports moral adaptivism. This theory imply that the view of gene's eye is very useful to understand moral act scientifically by the lens of evolutionary theory. Richard Dawkins also defended this kind of evolutionary view in his world-famous book ‘The Selfish Gene’This thesis concludes that blood feud custom had been created as a result of moral adaptation and evolved into such kind of form by natural selection as needed collective responsibility custom in order to evade the danger of decreasing inclusive fitness, because prototype of blood feud custom had the possibility of decreasing inclusive fitness for both parties of a crime. For example, according to prototype of blood feud custom, a killer should be killed by one of the victim's close agnatic kinsmen in general. In most murder cases, a killer is an adult male, who is usually a very important resource for gaining foods, battle against enemies in the primitive society. So if a killer murders a man and the killer is avenged by the victim's kin, both parties' inclusive fitness necessarily will decrease.