OCB-CWB 연관성에 관한 이론적 고찰

What kind of relationship does exist there between OCB (organizational citizenship behavior) and CWB (counterproductive work behavior)? This is one of the hottest research questions among researchers who are interested in nontask behavior. The purpose of this study is to deal with the very research question ‘OCB-CWB relationship’, not empirically but theoretically. This is because most of the previous researches or studies on this issue are drawing their conclusions based primarily on empirical evidences. However the results of these studies are so fragmented that researchers have a great difficulty in drawing some coherent or integrated conclusions. It is said that empirical results have only a partial meaning without solid theoretical foundations. In this context, this study tries to approach to this issue with various theoretical backgrounds. The order to meet the purpose of this study is as follows. Firstly, I summarized the previous studies on the relationship between OCB and CWB, and found two conflicting perspectives, that is unitary-structure perspective and dualistic-structure perspective. The former insists that OCB and CWB are both extremes of a continuum, while the latter insists that OCB and CWB are two independent continua. Therefore the former argues that an individual can’t perform the two types of nontask behavior at the same time, while the latter argues that an individual can perform the two types of nontask behavior at the same time. Secondly, I suggest an alternative perspective based on various theoretical evidences including person-centered approach, classification framework of job behavior, and political perspective. Through person-centered approach, I will probe the real meaning of OCB and CWB for individuals, not for organizations. This is because it is individuals not organizations who perform OCB or CWB. Finally, the paper ends with suggestions for future research directions.