금융자산거래 과세제도 개선방안 ― 거래세와 소득세의 비교분석 ―

The purpose of this study is to analyze the current securities transaction tax and capital income tax based on original purpose of related tax, tax neutrality and tax equity. The securities transaction tax and capital income tax are related with capital transaction and have a common feature in point that they increase the transaction cost of market participants. So the essential point of this study is whether both can be coexisted or both can be mutually substitutable. For this purpose, this study research the systems of main foreign country, historical formation process of them and international organization's perspective like OECD after examining the contents and the process of securities transaction tax and capital income tax. The results of this study regarding alternative methods in capital transaction taxation are as follows. It is necessary to extend the taxation for capital gain of marketable securities by abolishing the securities transaction tax and making a income tax to be comprehensive and simple based on premises for analysis of basic discussion regarding system introduction and effect for tax revenue. Actually, it is reasonable to allow the aggregation of profit and loss between asset and capital and loss carryover in stages by consideration of tax revenue effect in addition to including the capital gain of listed stock, bond and derivatives etc. into the category of capital income. Moreover, it is reasonable to alter current dividend tax credit into dividend received deduction and to apply existing 14% withholding tax rate across the board for the purpose of extension of dual income taxation for capital income tax. Finally, When taxpayer’s effective tax rates are lower than withholding tax rates, it is necessary to give them a chance to finish the tax liability as withholding taxes such as interest income and dividend income by omitting a full tax report if the capital gains of marketable securities are sufficient for procedure requirement.