국제기구에서의 유전자원과 전통지식의 보호에 관한 논의 동향

The discussion for the protection of genetic resources and traditional knowledge is undergoing mainly in international organizations. The representative international organizations are United Nations Environment Program(UNEP), Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO), World Intellectual Property Organization(WIPO), and World Trade Organization(WTO). First, the discussion of UNEP is undergoing mainly the Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD) which objectives are the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources. The result of the discussion of UNEP is the adoption of the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from Their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity(Nagoya Protocol). But, some questions are left over. There are access and benefit-sharing, prior informed consent and mutually agreed terms. Secondly, the discussion of FAO is undergoing mainly International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture(ITPGRFA) which objectives are the conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits derived from their use, in harmony with the Convention on Biological Diversity, for sustainable agriculture and food security. The discussion of FAO is quickly progress than other international organizations. For example, FAO adopted the Standard Material Transfer Agreement(SMTA) which is the norm of the provider and user of the genetic resources. The third, the discussion of WIPO is undergoing in Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore(IGC). The conference of the IGC have 28 session from 2001 to 2014. But, the IGC is not fixed the result of the conference. The fourth, the discussion of WTO is undergoing the issues on trade and environment that are included the protection of genetic resources and traditional knowledge. Particularly, the Doha Development Agenda is included the issues on the relationship of the TRIPs Agreement and the Convention on Biological Diversity. But, for the this question, states have not agreed yet. Therefore, some measures is to be prepare by the review and analysis on the discussion for the protection of genetic resources and traditional knowledge in international organization.