‘장정체제’에 대한 조선 정부의 저항과 만국공법

Chosun dynasty signed a treaty with Japan under international law(萬國公法) in 1876. Since Chosun had been influenced by the dual international order of traditional tribute system and new capitalistic world system. China recognized the crisis of the tribute system in Chosun. And Chosun and China signed Chosun-China agreement for maritime and overland Trade(朝中商民水陸貿易章程) in 1882. The agreement defined the status of Chosun as ‘vassal state(屬邦)’ and China’s exclusive privilege in Chosun. After China had pressured on the internal affairs and foreign affairs of the Chosun. Chosun resisted interference of China in accordance international law. Foreign Ministry officials insisted independence of Chosun and equality of all countries. They tried to revise the agreement with China. They asked for the withdrawal of the Chinese merchants in seoul. And tried to changeover from the agreement system(章程體制) to the treaty system(條約體制). But trials of Chosun had been frustrated by the stratagem of China. The agreement system had been maintained to disturbing the modernization of Chosun until Sino-Japanese War in 1894.