정보디자인 관점에서의 위기관리 매뉴얼에 대한 고찰

This study reviews the meaning and characteristics of emergency management manuals based on a design perspective, and analyzes problems found in currently used manuals. The article aims to explore the necessity of using design concepts which incorporate user experience in order to create effective emergency management manuals. The main method is to research diverse publications, books and periodicals, including theses in order to understand the concepts and current state of emergency management manuals, and to analyze various domestic and foreign examples found on the Internet. The range of this study is limited to traditional manuals including electrical files such as PDFs. The scope of this paper is purposely very wide because our intent is to provide foundation research for designing emergency management manuals. The main contents and results of this article are as follows. First, emergency management manuals help coordinate and control urgent situations such as fire, disasters like earthquake, accidents, and design plans to decrease the impact of such disasters. There are three types of manuals: ‘standard emergency management manuals’ made by the federal government, ‘emergency response manuals’ by local government agencies, and ‘conduct manuals for an accident scenes.’ Basically, their final purposes are the same, but detailed functions are different. Second, based on user perspective the problems found in domestic emergency manuals are considered as follows: inconvenience of use in real emergency situations, difficulties to understand the information, insufficiency of portability, and the lack of coordination between education and training. All types of manuals not only those for emergency management are tools used to transmit necessary information such as functions of a product, characteristics, principles and ways to use. But emergency management manuals have more vital functions which must educate and provide direction in urgent situations. Therefore, we suggest that emergency manuals should be designed based on information design. Third, after analyzing various emergency manuals from other countries, we considered certain characteristics and a produced basic guideline for the effectiveness of designing manuals. First, the purpose of the information should be clear according to types of manuals. For example, conduct manuals have to offer the precise, visual information needed to respond to urgent situations. Also manuals have to be designed considering the hierarchy of information because the information should be clearly organized according to the purpose of the manual. In this regard, decorative elements must be reduced as much as possible, and essential information should be designed using appropriate visual elements like diagrams, charts, illustrations, etc. Next, managers and ordinary people have different concerns, so they should have different types of manuals. Lastly, interactive manuals like mobile applications and easily accessible handbook-manuals have to be widely available to improve user experience. In conclusion, we summarized our information using a diagram which explains how to enhance emergency management manuals based on information design.