滥用知识产权市场支配地位之反垄断实施机制研究

Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs), a legal system with the aim of improving human welfare, bore a codependent relationship with monopoly since its creation. The monopolistic IPRs bring benefits to their right holders, but at the same time relevant abuse issues have gradually become prominent. In recent years, multinational corporations have been skillfully employing IPRs strategies. Their tricks include license refusal, tie-in sale, high pricing, mandatory license package, “patent array” and restricting defenses against the effectiveness of the IPRs concerned. They abuse their dominant positions in the IPRs market to restrict the transferee and the third-party to compete and diffuse technologies, which endangers the development of national industry of our country, and also hurts customers. The article 55 in Anti-monopoly law of China establishes basic principles and systems for anti-monopoly regulations which legitimize the use of IPRs. However, the law did not define “Exercise IPRs According to Law” and “Abuse of IPRs” and it also doesn’t make it clear whether the acts of abuse of dominant position in IPRs market should be punished strictly or leniently according to anti-monopoly law. Besides that, the current anti-monopoly law doesn’t regulate the abuse of trade secrets. The anti-monopoly judicature practices are required to pay great attention to the guidance value of relevant regulations or guides which are issued by enforcement agencies of antimonopoly law, especially the Provisions for the Prohibition of Acts of Abusing Intellectual Property Rights to Eliminate or Restrict Competition, the first set of anti-monopoly rules in the field of IPRs, which are promulgated by the State Administration for Industry and Commerce and have taken effect on August 1, 2015. The Provisions list several common and typical behavioral patterns of abusing dominant position in IPRs market. Also, to address the acts of abusing IPRs to eliminate or restrict competition, the Provisions define the basic logic approaches of antitrust and law-enforcement standards which contribute to scientifically regulating and protecting the creative and competitive market environment. According to the researcher’s proposal, China should introduce economic-analysis-oriented review mechanism; improve the structure of key-facility-theory-based IPRs’ compulsory licensing system and abusing- behavior-caused liability system. Meanwhile, the defenses from the related IPRs holder should also be taken and anti-monopoly exemption should be given to him when his actions are necessary and can substantially increase efficiency.