사이버 공간에서의 안보의 현황과 전쟁억지력

While cyberspace should not be confused with the Internet, the term is often used to refer to objects and identities that exist largely within the communication network itself, so that a web-site, for example, might be metaphorically said to “exist in cyberspace.” According to this interpretation, events taking place on the Internet are not happening in the locations where participants or servers are physically located, but “in cyberspace.” The cyberspace describes the flow of digital data through the network of interconnected computers: it is at once not ‘real,’ since one could not spatially locate it as a tangible object, and clearly ‘real’ in its effects. The cyberspace is the site of computer-mediated communication, in which online relationships and alternative forms of online identity were enacted, raising important questions about the social psychology of Internet use, the relationship between ‘online’ and ‘offline’ forms of life and interaction, and the relationship between the ‘real’ and the virtual. Meanwhile, there is an emerging and growing distinction between the virtual world and physical one. Some of the unique terms are included cyberspace, cyberthreats, cyberattacks, and cybersecurity. Out of these, the cybersecurity represents one of the most serious national security threats and economic challenges confronting our country. The cyber security vulnerability has the potential to be the ‘ultimate weapon’ used against Korea and individual states. Based on information shared by technology and cryptology experts, combined with the response by both the private market and the government, the cyber threat is quickly becoming the top priority for our national defense apparatus and private enterprise. The cyber attacks against our nation continue to occur across networks. Here, a brief description is presented about how selected U.S. constituencies view their likely capabilities to defend against cyberthreat. Much like fighting the MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome), a viral respiratory illness, any effective policy requires leadership and coordination by the Korean government. In this long pages of research, I take note of the U.S. cyber deterrence policy and several cybersecurity-related bills signed into law during the past several years, the first cybersecurity legislation enacted since 2002, policy developments to date are then examined. Despite many grave concerns and the sharp increase of security breaches reported in the news almost on a daily basis, in U.S., Congress has enacted no major legislative provisions relating to cybersecurity since the Federal Information Security Management Act of 2002 (FISMA). From the standpoint of aggregate cost to society, the U.S. national security infrastructure is the only institutional framework capable of effectively protecting the American public from cyberattack. Much like an Ebola or a SARS outbreak or traditional war, cybersecurity policy needs to be recognized as a response to the crisis it is; cyberthreat is responsible for profound economic disruption and has the capacity to end human life on a wholesale basis. In this environment, even Korea is not generally considered global powers in the national security arena, recognize the importance of the impending battles to be fought in the virtual world. The U.S. Cyber Command defends networks in military, not merely administrative, terms and private companies increasingly pursue ‘active defense’ strategies to identify and prevent specific cyber threat actors. These approaches reflect a common interest in pursuing all available legal and technological means to identify, prevent, and disrupt cybersecurity concerns as early and efficiently as possible, preferably well before the threats reach an entity’s networks. Many government officials and cybersecurity experts, however, believe that the private-sector has failed to solve the cybersecurity problem and that regulation is needed. On the other hand, many private-sector executives believe that more regulation will restrict their ability to improve cybersecurity. The time for effective and comprehensive cybersecurity policy is now. The failure to act is even more remarkable when one considers how drastically the world has changed during the past decade. As part of its recent focus on cybersecurity, the U.S. Congress passed cyber-threat sharing legislation in April 2015. This is the most up-to-date legislative action in the U.S. My closing opinion is that we have to see cybersecurity not only from the sectoral perspective, but also from the national perspective.