재난 및 안전 관리 법제의 현황과 법정책적 과제

This paper focused on Status of Disasters and Safety Management Legislation and its Legal and Policy Issues to effectively cope with our social environments in which various risks are increasingly expanded in the 21st century. As a matter of fact, the Korean government has rapidly responded to the nationwide soaring needs for legislation and revision of concerned laws, reorganization of disasters and safety management systems, etc. after experiencing various large disasters. Specifically speaking, since the Sinking of MV Sewol occurred on April 14, 2014, many concerned laws have been modified and in particular, many articles of the Basic Act on Disasters and Safety Management have been revised, and lots of other legislative improvement efforts have been made for properly coping with disasters and preventing expansion of damages. However, as this is a framework act as indicated in its name and manages safety issues only in conjunction with disasters, the Basic Act is considered to have a limit on satisfactorily playing roles in covering all the safety related laws. Accidents and disasters are unavoidable in life to a certain degree. However, the key purpose of disasters and safety management is to prevent and suppress occurrence of disasters and minimize damages. All the social issues including natural disasters and human accidents should be focused on prevention of occurrence. Besides, concerned laws and regulations are required to be systematically modified to efficiently cope with disasters from the beginning and rapidly respond to prevent expansion of damages. In addition, as the Basic Act on Disasters and Safety Management has been substantially supplemented but is still insufficient more or less, it is suggested to be separated into Basic Acts on disasters and safety management, respectively, to more efficiently manage social security and risks and more rapidly respond to various disasters.