장애인 공동생활가정의 인권현황과 개선방안

After the initial operation of group home for the disabled in 1981, currently(end of 2015) total 717 group homes are installed/operated in the whole nation of Korea. As the most ideal-type of residence for people with developmental disabilities, demands for group home are increasing. However, the support service or financial support from the government is not sufficient. As it is operated by a single social rehabilitation teacher for four people with disabilities, the turnover rate of social rehabilitation teachers is very high, so that it is tough to operate it normally. Because social rehabilitation teachers' satisfaction has a complementary relation with the guarantee of human rights of the disabled, the poor working condition is eventually led to poor service and human rights issues. Based on it, this paper suggests improvement measures like below to guarantee human rights of social rehabilitation teachers and residents with disabilities of group home. In order to guarantee human rights of the disabled, first, the laws and legislations should be modified to be suitable for policies of small-size housing facilities following a theory of normalization and social unification of the disabled pursued by group home. Second, As residents with disabilities of group home can have sexual relations with others, form marital relations, get pregnant, give birth, and raise children, the Welfare of the Disabled Act needs to define preventive education or post processing regarding the relevant issues. Third, diverse types of group homes should be operated by considering the characteristics of residents and changes in desires for service at group home. Fourth, education about responsibilities of facility directors and education about human rights for social rehabilitation teachers should be reinforced. Next, in order to guarantee human rights of workers like social rehabilitation teachers, first, group home cannot be properly operated by a single social rehabilitation teacher, so that the state or local government should support additional labor cost. Second, revising the Labor Standard Act, the Article 59 of it should be applied to group home for the disabled with four workers and less. Third, revising the ‘Law for Labor Conditions Improvement of Social Worker’, the payment of social rehabilitation teachers should be actualized. Fourth, the group home support should be reinforced by transferring projects related to group home to the center. Fifth, each local government should install group home support centers to provide diverse supports such as support of substitute workers, educational support, and operational support to group home. Sixth, such high turnover rates of social rehabilitation teachers can be led to the severance of operation and qualitative decline of service, so that the standardized operating manual should be produced/distributed to prevent this problem in advance.